Cnidarians are radially symmetrical, diploblastic animals that include jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydroids. They range in size from microscopic to massive and have a simple body plan with an outer epidermis, inner gastrodermis, and a jelly-like mesoglea. There are two main body forms of cnidaria, the typically sessile polyp and the more mobile medusa which move by pulsing their bell shaped bodies creating a jet of water. Cnidaria have only one opening and possess an internal gastrovascular cavity for digestion and circulation. Cnidarians are carnivorous, capturing all sorts of prey with specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes. They reproduce both sexually and asexually, often alternating between polyp and medusa stages. Ecologically, they play crucial roles as predators, prey, and hosts for symbiotic algae, contributing to marine biodiversity. Some Cnidaria like corals and some hydroids form large colonies of thousands of individuals. Coral reefs provide habitat for a huge variety of marine life.
26/2/2025
Agregating Anenome
I went to Little Ross Bay off Dallas road around 3 pm, it was an overcast day with no wind and calm waters. It didn't take long to locate my first Cnidarian as there were plenty of anemones in the small tidal pools at Little Ross. I was able to quickly identify one of British Columbia's most common intertidal cnidarians, the Aggregating Anemone (Anthopleura elegantissima). This species can reproduce asexually and lives in large colonies of clones.
While aggregating anemones are sessile it was interesting to observe multiple instances of individuals clearly feeding on severed crab legs which they must have grabbed on to as they drifted past, lucky anemones!
I noticed that anemones in completely still tide pools were typically closed while anemones closer to the water line were typically open. It's possible the open ones can sense the flow of water and remain open in order to feed while the closed ones seal themselves when there is more limited opportunity to feed and opt instead to protect themselves from predators.
Initially I was excited to have found this white anemone because I was sure it was the second species of the day. However after researching online it seems most likely this is just an aggregating anemone from a separate colony displaying a different phenotype. As much as I wanted it to be a different species it had the exact same size, tentacle shape, and habitat type as the other anemones I observed. The only difference was the white colour.
1/3/2025
I was kayaking at Macaulay Point in Esquimalt in order to collect data for an ecology assignment. I thought this would be a good opportunity for a cnidarian chance find as I have observed plenty of common jellies while kayaking around Greater Victoria's coastal waters. After just 20 or so minutes, success!
Initially I assumed this was the very common Moon Jellyfish as I have observed them in the past and believed them to be abundant around Victoria. However after researching, it seems that the species I observed was not a true jelly (subphylum scyphozoa) at all but a member of subphylum hydrozoa! The Cross Jellyfish (Mitrocoma cellularia) is easily identifiable by its four radial canals lined with gonads; these structures give this species its characteristic cross pattern.
6/3/2025
I returned to little ross on a very sunny and calm day. Not only was the weather fair but I made sure to return at very low tide which would allow for observation of more than just shallow tide pools. Much more rocks were visible in addition to kelp and eelgrass beds which usually are submerged andwhere easily accessible. There was a narrow channel where water flows during low tide. I hypothesized that many organisms and nutrients would have to travel through this small gap and so I searched here first.
Above: satalite photo of Little Ross with channel indicated. Below: channel and beach at very low tide. Right: Yellow Anemone in the chanel
The channel turned out to be an excellent place to search as I quickly spotted a few anemones. Unfortunately the steep rocks and deep water made taking photographs difficult, however it was nevertheless exciting to observe different species. I had no doubt this large red anemone was not an aggregating anemone because it was significantly larger with a much taller base and distinct red colour, lacking any purple on the tentacles. I estimated the size to be around 20-30 cm and after comparing pictures online I am confident in identifying this species as the Painted Anemone (Urticina grebelnyi). I observed multiple anemones, some red and some yellow but my research assured me these were all possible colours schemes of Urticina grebelnyi.
I was happy to have cnidaria and my taxon for this assignment because I assumed it would be easy to find, and it was! However when it came to actually identifying species that was a whole nother matter. I didn't have an observation where I was 100% confident in my identification straight away. I spent so long trying to find evidence for the white anemone being a different species to no avail. Again I spent lots of time trying to figure out why my moon jelly didn't look like every other photo online. Well it turns out despite being the same size, I had observed a hydrozoan which is a completely separate class. Finally on the third day I again thought I was observing different species solely because of different colouration but my research informed me that painted anemones can display a variety of colours. I would say I have two significant takeaways from this assignment. First is not to assume a single trait is an indication of a separate species. Secondly I realized that even in this modern era of information sharing not every intertidal organism has been definitively categorized. I encountered several conflicting sources on anemone species and other naturalists struggling to identify local species just like me.